|
Peter Norton (born November 14, 1943) is an American programmer, software publisher, author, and philanthropist. He is best known for the computer programs and books that bear his name and portrait. Norton sold his PC software business to Symantec Corporation in 1990. == Career == Norton was born in Aberdeen, Washington and raised in Seattle. He attended Reed College in Portland, Oregon, graduating in 1965. Before discovering microcomputers, he spent a dozen years working on mainframes and minicomputers for companies including Boeing and Jet Propulsion Laboratory. His earliest low-level system utilities were designed to allow mainframe programmers access to some previous RAM that IBM normally reserved for diagnostics. This foreshadowed his personal computer work, where he became known as a savvy author of low-level system utilities and reference books. When the IBM PC made its debut in 1981, Norton was among the first to buy one. After he was laid off during an aerospace industry cutback, he took up microcomputer programming to make ends meet. One day he accidentally erased a file. Rather than re-enter the data, as most would have, he decided to write a program to recover the information from the disk. His friends were delighted with the program and he developed a group of utility programs that he sold – one at a time – to user groups. In 1982, he founded Peter Norton Computing with $30,000 and an IBM computer. The company was a pioneer in DOS-based utilities software. Its 1982 introduction of the Norton Utilities included Norton's popular UNERASE tool to retrieve erased data from DOS disks. Norton marketed the program (primarily on foot) through his one-man software publishing company, leaving behind little pamphlets with technical notes at users group meetings and computer stores. A publisher saw his pamphlets, and saw that he could write about a technical subject. The publisher called him and asked him if he wanted to write a book. Norton's first computer book, ''Inside the IBM PC: Access to Advanced Features & Programming (Techniques)'',〔The subtitle on the front cover omits the word ''Techniques''; the back cover includes it.〕 was published in 1983. Eight editions of this bestseller were published, the last in 1999.〔The third and fourth editions were renamed ''Inside the IBM PC and PS/2''. From the 5th edition onward, ''Peter Norton's Inside the PC.〕 Norton wrote several other technical manuals and introductory computing books. He began writing monthly columns in 1983 for ''PC Magazine''〔(Introducing … The Norton Chronicles ), ''PC Magazine'', September 1983〕 and later ''PC Week'' magazine as well, which he wrote until 1987. He soon became recognized as a principal authority on IBM personal computer technology. In 1984, Norton Computing reached $1 million in revenue, and version 3.0 of the Norton Utilities was released. Norton had three clerical people working for him. He was doing all of the software development, all of the book writing, all of the manual writing and running the business. The only thing he wasn't doing was stuffing the packages. He hired his fourth employee and first programmer, Brad Kingsbury, in July 1985. In late 1985, Norton hired a business manager to take care of the day-to-day operations.〔(Investigating The Lost Files Of Peter Norton, PC Pioneer, ''Computers & Electronics'', May 1992 )〕 In 1985, Norton Computing produced the Norton Editor, a programmer's text editor created by Stanley Reifel, and Norton Guides, a TSR program which showed reference information for assembly language and other IBM PC internals, but could also display other reference information compiled into the appropriate file format. Norton Commander, a file managing tool for DOS, was introduced in 1986. In September 1983, Norton started work on ''The Peter Norton Programmer's Guide to the IBM PC''. The book was a popular and comprehensive guide to low-level programming on the original PC platform (covering BIOS and MS-DOS system calls in great detail). The first (1985) edition was nicknamed "the pink shirt book", after the pink shirt that Norton wore for the cover photo, and Norton's crossed-arm pose on that cover is a U.S. registered trademark. The second (1988) edition, renamed ''The New Peter Norton Programmer's Guide to the IBM PC & PS/2'', again featured the crossed arms, pink shirt cover image. Richard Wilton co-authored the second edition. This was followed by the third (1993) edition of "the Norton book", renamed ''The Peter Norton PC Programmer's Bible'', co-authored with Wilton and Peter Aitken. Later editions of ''Peter Norton's Inside the PC'', a broad-brush introduction to personal computer technology, featured Norton in his crossed-arm pose on the cover, wearing a white shirt. Norton Computing revenue rose to $5 million in 1986, $11 million in 1987, and $15 million in 1988. Its products won several utility awards, and it was ranked 136th on the 1988 ''Inc.'' magazine list of the 500 fastest-growing private companies in America, with 38 employees.〔(''Inc.'' profile, December 1, 1988 )〕 Norton himself was named "Entrepreneur of the Year" by Arthur Young & Co. (1988 High Technology Award Winner Greater Los Angeles Region)〔(Ernst & Young Entrepreneur Of The Year Hall of Fame )〕 and ''Venture'' magazine. On April 12, 1989, Norton appointed Ron Posner chief executive of Norton Computing. Norton continued as chairman.〔(Peter Norton Names Chief, ''The New York Times'', April 13, 1989 )〕 Posner's goal was to rapidly grow the company into a major software vendor. Soon after his arrival, Posner hired a new president, a new chief financial officer, and added a vice president of sales.〔(Posner's Goal: Make Norton a Major Software Vendor,''InfoWorld'', July 17, 1989 )〕 In March 1990, Norton Computing released the Norton Backup program dedicated to backing up and restoring hard disks.〔(Norton Delivers a Reliable, Fast Disk Backup Program, ''InfoWorld'', March 26, 1990 )〕 Norton Utilities for the Macintosh was launched in July.〔(Norton Utilities for the Mac Ships, ''InfoWorld'', July 30, 1990 )〕 In August 1990, Norton sold his $25 million (1989 sales) Santa Monica, California based company to Symantec for $70 million.〔Peter Norton Computing agrees to be sold to Symantec in deal valued at $70 million; 'we had to get larger,' says software wiz Norton., ''Los Angeles Business Journal'', May 21, 1990〕 Posner orchestrated the merger. Norton was given one-third of Symantec's stock, worth about $60 million, and a seat on Symantec's board of directors. The acquired company became a division of Symantec and was renamed Peter Norton Computing Group. About one-third of Norton Computing's 115 employees were laid off after the merger.〔 The Norton brand name lives on in such Symantec products as Norton AntiVirus, Norton 360, Norton Internet Security, Norton Personal Firewall, Norton SystemWorks (which now contains a current version of the Norton Utilities), Norton AntiBot, Norton AntiSpam, Norton GoBack (formerly Roxio GoBack), Norton PartitionMagic (formerly PowerQuest PartitionMagic), and Norton Ghost. Norton's image was used on the packaging of all Norton-branded products until 2001. In 1996 Norton helped produce an edition of Brian Eno's Oblique Strategies cards for distribution to his friends and colleagues. In 2002, Acorn Technologies lured Norton out of a 10-year business hibernation. Norton has a "significant investment" in the company and serves as Chairman of Acorn's board of directors.〔(Acorn Technologies )〕〔Commercialization venture proved tempting for Norton, ''Los Angeles Business Journal'', March 11, 2002〕〔(Life Imitates Art, ''Forbes'', September 16, 2002 )〕 Norton is also chairman of eChinaCash, a company he founded in 2003. Posner is CEO.〔(eChinaCash )〕〔(eChinaCash Appoints Technology Industry Veteran Ron Posner as CEO to Accelerate Growth in Hot China Market, Marketwire, January 8, 2008 )〕〔(eChinaCash hopes deals will take it to $100 mln rev., ''Reuters'', March 26, 2008 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peter Norton」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|